Abstract

Nanobiodevices and Quantum Life Science for Future Healthcare

Yoshinobu Baba, Professor, Nagoya University

We have investigated nanobiodevices and quantum life science for biomedical applications and healthcare. Nanowire devices are extremely useful to isolate extracellular vesicles from body fluids and vesicle-encapsulated microRNA analysis. The device composed of a microfluidic substrate with anchored nanowires gives us highly efficient collections of extracellular vesicles in body fluids and in situ extraction for huge numbers of miRNAs (2,500 types) more than the conventional ultracentrifugation method. Nanowire devices gave us the miRNA date for several hundred patients and machine learning system based on these miRNA data enabled us to develop the early-stage diagnosis for lung cancer, brain tumor, pancreas cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, and Parkinson disease. We succeeded to identify high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma-specific extracellular vesicles by polyketone-coated nanowires and the spatial exosome analysis using cellulose nanofiber sheets to reveal the location heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Nanowire-nanopore devices combined with AI (machine learning technique) enable us to develop mobile sensors for SARS-CoV-2, PM2.5, bacteria, and virus in the environment. Nanopore sensing is applied to the identification of viral vector characteristics with the sub-nm resolution. MEXT Quantum Leap Flagship Program (Q-LEAP), which I lead, has been developing biological nano quantum sensors, quantum technology-based MRI/NMR, and quantum biology and biotechnology. Nanodiamonds, with nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVC), and quantum dots are applied to develop quantum sensors for quantum switching intra vital imaging for iPS cell based regenerative medicine, and quantum photo immuno-therapeutic devices for cancer. Nanodiamond with NVC is applied to in situ measurements of intracellular thermal conductivity and implication of thermal signaling in neuronal differentiation revealed by manipulation and measurement of intracellular temperature.