Abstract

Exosome Diagnosis Presents a Novel Platform for Liquid Biopsy

Takahiro Ochiya, Chief, National Cancer Center Research Institute Japan

Exosomes are 50-150 nm size in diameter extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by multiple living cells into the extracellular space. They contain tissue or cell-specific bioactive materials, including DNAs, mRNAs, ncRNAs, proteins, lipids, metabolites, etc. with their specific surface markers, such as, CD9, CD63, CD81, Alix, etc. Exosomes have been considered as information carriers in cell communication between cancer cells and non-cancer cells, which affect gene expressions and cellular signalling pathways of recipient cells by delivering their contents. Exosomes are promising tools for improving cancer care, but conversely may also contribute to tumor progression. Here, we highlight recently discovered roles of exosomes in modulating cancer microenvironment. We also discuss how exosomes could be exploited as biomarkers for a novel platform of liquid biopsy and delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.